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GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst GCFA Exam Practice Questions, practice question pack
GIAC · Certified Forensic Analyst GCFA

GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst GCFA Exam Practice Questions

99% pass rateUpdated 1 Nov 2026318 questions2 PDFs, instant download
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(19 customer reviews)

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Every question with the correct answer and why the other options are wrong.

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Thank you so much!!! Passed GCFA with high score.
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Three of the 318 questions in this pack

Question 1

Adam, a malicious hacker has successfully gained unauthorized access to the Linux system of Umbrella Inc. Web server of the company runs on Apache. He has downloaded sensitive documents and database files from the computer.

After performing these malicious tasks, Adam finally runs the following command on the Linux command box before disconnecting. for (( i = 0;i<11;i++ )); do dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/hda && dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda; done

Which of the following actions does Adam want to perform by the above command?

  1. Making a bit stream copy of the entire hard disk for later download.
  2. Deleting all log files present on the system.
  3. Wiping the contents of the hard disk with zeros.
  4. Infecting the hard disk with polymorphic virus strings.
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Wiping the contents of the hard disk with zeros.

The command loops 11 times, alternating between writing random data (dd if=/dev/random) and zeros (dd if=/dev/zero) to /dev/hda, which is the hard disk device. This pattern of overwriting with random data followed by zeros is a standard disk wiping technique used to securely erase data by making it unrecoverable. Adam is attempting to destroy forensic evidence of his activities.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Bitstream copying would use if=/dev/hda as the input source, not the output destination (of=/dev/hda).
  • B. Log files are specific files in directories like /var/log, not erased by directly writing to the disk device.
  • D. The command overwrites the disk with random data and then zeros, not with polymorphic virus code designed to evade detection.

Question 2

An analyst runs the Volatility 3 malfind plugin against a memory image from a workstation suspected of hosting injected malware. Which memory region characteristic is the primary condition malfind uses to report a region as possibly containing injected code?

  1. A file-backed region mapped from a DLL in System32 with PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY protection
  2. A VAD region whose protection allows both write and execute access
  3. Any region containing strings that match a loaded YARA rule
  4. A read-only region that has been paged out to the pagefile
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. A VAD region whose protection allows both write and execute access

Injected code usually lands in memory that the attacker allocated with both write and execute rights, so the payload can be copied in and then run. Malfind walks each process VAD tree, flags regions whose protection string contains both EXECUTE and WRITE, focuses on private (VadS) memory, and skips regions that are empty or entirely paged out to cut false positives. Legitimately loaded images are mapped from files with PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY, which is why ordinary DLLs do not normally appear in malfind output.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. Image-backed DLL mappings with PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY are the normal state for loaded modules and are excluded by malfind's logic.
  • C. Signature matching against YARA rules is the job of a YARA scanning plugin such as vadyarascan, not malfind's protection-based test.
  • D. Malfind deliberately skips regions that are entirely unavailable due to paging or full of zeros, and read-only memory cannot hold runnable injected code.

Question 3

An analyst parses the MFT entry for C:\Windows\System32\wbemsvc32.dll. $STANDARD_INFORMATION shows a creation time of 2019-12-07 09:10:14, while the $FILE_NAME attribute shows a creation time of 2026-03-03 14:22:09. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. The DLL shipped with a 2019 Windows build and was updated in place in 2026
  2. The $STANDARD_INFORMATION times were backdated with a timestamp-altering tool after the file arrived in 2026
  3. The system clock was set to 2019 at the moment the file was created
  4. The $FILE_NAME creation time records the last time the DLL was loaded
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. The $STANDARD_INFORMATION times were backdated with a timestamp-altering tool after the file arrived in 2026

NTFS keeps creation times in both $STANDARD_INFORMATION and $FILE_NAME, but they are exposed differently. $SI values are what users see and can be modified at user level through API calls, while $FN values are handled by the kernel and normally change only through kernel-level interaction or by moving or renaming the file. An $SI creation time years earlier than the $FN creation time is therefore a classic timestomping indicator: the file arrived in 2026 and its visible dates were backdated to blend in with operating system files.

Why the other options are wrong

  • A. An in-place content update changes modification-related times; it does not explain an $SI creation time that predates the file's $FN creation.
  • C. A wrong clock affects every timestamp written at that moment, so on its own it would not open a six-year gap between the two attributes.
  • D. $FILE_NAME holds creation, modification, MFT entry change and access times; it does not record when a DLL was loaded.

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How much of the GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst GCFA bank is free?

318 questions in the bank

Each step includes the one before, so buying only adds new questions.

  • You are here10questionsFree sampleThree on this page, all ten as a PDF.Download the sample
  • 8025% of the bankPractice pageFree on the site, every answer explained.Go to the practice page
  • 159the first half of the packHalf PackFree by email, as one PDF, every answer explained.Get the Half Pack
  • 318100%, the whole bankFull pack, US$39Plus the questions-only PDF, monthly updates, refund if you fail.Get the full pack
ABOUT THIS PACK

What’s in the GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst GCFA pack

  • 318 questions mapped to the GCFA exam objectives
  • Answers and explanations for every question, including the wrong options
  • A questions-only PDF for timed practice runs
  • Instant delivery by email the moment you check out
  • Free monthly updates for as long as the exam is live
  • Pass or your money back

The GCFA costs US$999 per attempt. This pack is US$39, paid once.

What makes the GCFA hard

The GCFA is not a multiple choice memory test. It is 82 questions in three hours with a 71% pass mark, plus a CyberLive component: hands-on tasks in live virtual environments where a candidate actually performs digital forensics rather than describing it, including memory analysis, Windows artefact reconstruction, attacker timeline building and threat hunting across enterprise endpoints.

Most people preparing for the GCFA are already working in DFIR or incident response. They know the field. What they do not always know is exactly how GIAC frames and tests the material, and at US$999 a sitting that gap is expensive.

This pack has 318 practice questions for the GCFA, covering both the theory questions and the kind of scenarios the CyberLive tasks draw on, so the format is familiar before exam day.

About the exam

The GCFA is an advanced credential in digital forensics and incident response. It validates hands-on skill in investigating breaches, reconstructing attacker activity, and handling complex DFIR cases. Unlike most certifications, the GCFA includes CyberLive, a practical testing layer where candidates analyse real evidence and perform investigative tasks in a live environment. It is aligned to SANS FOR508 and mapped to DoD 8140.

Questions before you buy

How quickly do I receive it?

Straight away. The full PDF and a questions-only copy are emailed to you the moment your payment goes through, and the same links are on your order page.

Are updates included?

Yes. The pack is updated every month for as long as the exam is live, and updates are free for everyone who has bought it.

What if I fail the exam?

We refund the pack, or swap it for any other pack if you would rather keep studying. Sit the exam 7 to 30 days after buying, then send your official score report within 7 days of the exam date, as set out in the refund policy.

What is your pass rate?

99% of customers who prepare with a CertStash pack pass. If you do not, we refund the pack, or swap it for another pack.

Can I share it with colleagues?

Each purchase is licensed to one person. For a team, school or training organisation, email support@certstash.com for a licence that fits.

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